Following President Joe Biden’s farewell address, in which he warned of an emerging oligarchy in America, online searches for the term “oligarchy” spiked, reflecting how few people are familiar with the concept, let alone know the word or how to spell it.
What is an oligarchy?
An oligarchy is a system of governance where power is concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or families, often distinguished by wealth, nobility, corporate, religious, or military control. Unlike a democracy, where power distributes itself among the populace, an oligarchy centralizes authority, allowing a select group to make decisions that serve their interests.
Examples of this in American history are the “robber barons” of the late 19th Century. Industrialists like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan solidified the framework of oligarchy in America.
Their massive wealth enabled them to control key industries such as steel, oil, and banking, influencing politics and labor laws to maintain their dominance. They wielded their power not only through lobbying but also by creating monopolies, suppressing unions, and funding political campaigns.
The Modern Tech Oligarchy
In recent decades, tech giants like Amazon, Google, Facebook (Meta), and Apple have amassed extraordinary wealth and influence. Leaders such as Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, and Mark Zuckerberg wield immense power over information, communication, and commerce. They shape public discourse through control over platforms, influence policy through lobbying, and amass global economic power rivaling that of nation-states.
The fundamental difference between oligarchs and "ordinary" rich people lies in power and influence.
Ordinary Rich People: These individuals may have significant wealth but are primarily focused on personal or business interests. Their influence on government and society tends to be limited or indirect, achieved mainly through lobbying, philanthropy, or business operations.
Oligarchs: These are ultra-wealthy individuals whose wealth is directly tied to political power and control. They often leverage their financial resources to influence or manipulate government policies, secure favorable laws, and maintain their status. In many cases, their wealth comes from exploiting connections to the state, often blurring the line between public service and private gain.
Oligarchy in Russia
Russia is a quintessential example of oligarchic rule. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, a small group of individuals gained immense wealth and control by acquiring state assets during the privatization of industries in the 1990s. These oligarchs secured their positions by aligning closely with the government, particularly Vladimir Putin's administration.
Political Ties: Russian oligarchs maintain their wealth by being loyal to the Kremlin, and in return, they receive protection and opportunities for further enrichment. This symbiotic relationship ensures the oligarchs' continued influence while bolstering the power of the central government.
Economic Control: Key sectors like energy, mining, and telecommunications are often dominated by oligarchs. This creates an economic environment where wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few, and competition is stifled.
International Impact: Russian oligarchs often use their wealth to exert influence abroad, including funding political movements, media outlets, and think tanks that align with Russian interests.
In essence, Russian oligarchs are not just rich—they are gatekeepers of power, wielding influence that extends beyond their wealth to shape the political and social landscape of the country and, at times, the world.
The Yawning Gulf Between Oligarchs and Everyday People
Prominent billionaire tech leaders like Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and Mark Zuckerberg, will be seated in a reserved section alongside Cabinet officials and elected leaders during the Presidential Inauguration. The ceremony, relocated to the Capitol Rotunda ostensibly due to forecasts of severe cold, has sparked cynical comment that it reflects President-elect Trump's priorities: As he and his affluent guests remain warm indoors, MAGA supporters, some of whom have purchased tickets, are left outside in the freezing weather unable to witness the event firsthand, arguably a perfect metaphor for how little real regard Trump has for his base. Neither Trump or any of his fellow oligarchs have ever had concerns about the supermarket price of eggs and bacon. Don't expect them to change now.
Gasoline Prices: A Case Study
The president's influence on gas prices is minimal due to a complex web of factors, including global supply and demand, geopolitical tensions, and market speculation. While leaders often promise lower fuel costs with slogans like “drill, baby, drill,” such measures have limited impact. The United States has been the world’s largest oil producer for the past seven years, achieving record production in 2023. Yet, gasoline prices remain subject to unpredictable global market forces that no single nation can control.
The Preoccupations of the Ultra-Rich
At a time when ordinary individuals grapple with daily financial concerns, many ultra-rich individuals focus on ventures disconnected from the immediate needs of the general populace. For example, billionaires like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos have invested heavily in space exploration through their respective companies, SpaceX and Blue Origin.
On January 17, 2025, Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin successfully launched its New Glenn rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, marking its entry into the orbital space race. This achievement positions Blue Origin as a significant competitor to SpaceX, which has dominated the reusable heavy rocket category. While these advancements are monumental in aerospace innovation, they offer little immediate benefit to individuals struggling with everyday expenses.
Similarly, Elon Musk’s SpaceX continues to make strides in space technology, embracing a “fail-and-fix quickly” strategy to drive rapid progress and innovation. Despite recent test failures, this approach facilitates faster development and lower costs, which are critical for commercial viability. However, these endeavors are remote from the pressing concerns of those living paycheck to paycheck.
The Impact on Everyday Americans
While the ultra-rich focus on ambitious projects like space exploration, many Americans face financial hardships. Rising food prices, housing costs, and healthcare expenses remain pressing concerns. The endeavors of the wealthy elite, including ventures into space tourism and cryptocurrency, rarely address these immediate needs. This disconnect highlights the growing chasm between the oligarchs’ priorities and ordinary citizens’ everyday struggles.
Recognizing the presence and influence of oligarchies is crucial for preserving democratic values, so, we must remain vigilant and closely monitor those coming into power. By the time the Oh, my God, what have we done? moment strikes, it may be too late to quickly repair the damage.